Nathaniel Abraham :: essays research papers fc

Nathaniel Abraham was eleven years old when he committed the act of murder. Under a 1997 Michigan law a child of any age may be tried as an adult for severe crimes. Abraham was the first juvenile to be tried under this statute. Accused in the murder of Ronnie Lee Greene Jr., Abraham faced first degree murder charges. Now, at the age of fourteen, Nathaniel has been sentenced to a juvenile facility until the age of twenty-one. Oakland County Probate Judge Eugene Moore hopes that rehabilitation will put an end to Nathaniel’s criminal activity. Nathaniel, a black youth from the slums of Pontiac, Michigan, grew up with out a father, or a strong family unit. He, in turn, never learned the responsibility of his actions; he was not privy to an upbringing that reinforced positive ideals. Crime & Criminology describes, in depth, the relation between family and criminal activity in youths. Page 126 (chapter four) sited two relevant facts; 1) Blacks have much higher rates of illegitimacy and female headed house holds. 2) Blacks have a much higher rate of crime than their white counterparts. In Nathaniel’s case, it can be said that his lack of a positive role model, or father figure lead to his involvement in criminal activities. His mother, Gloria, was struggling to raise three children by herself. Nathaniel’s father had left when he was born, leaving her with no one to depend on. The family moved in with an older couple who offered to help them. With limited supervision Nathaniel was a constant source of aggravation for his mother. Police reported that Nathaniel was suspected in over 22 local crimes, ranging from assault to armed robbery. He, in fact, had been arrested five days before Greene’s murder on the charge of robbery. All this by the age of eleven. In families where there is no male role model a child is far more likely to become involved in crime. The data that exists suggests a direct correlation between youths raised without a fathe r and criminal activity.

Perfect Competition Essay

The spectrum of market structures varies diversely from highly competitive markets where there are a large number of buyers and sellers, each of whom having little or no power to alter the market price to a situation of pure monopoly where a market or an industry consists of one single supplier who enjoys considerable control over the market price, unless specific restrictions are placed directly by the government. A market structure such as the Chicken Meat Industry can be deemed as â€Å"Perfect Competition (PC)† as it fulfills the following mentioned assumptions: 1. There are many producers in the economy as mentioned in the question.   2. Each individual firm in the market is a Price Taker- the firms cannot control the price of chicken being sold in the market instead they have to simply accept the designated going market rate as the price of their product. This happens due to two major characteristics of Perfect Competition: a. As there are a large number of suppliers, each of them has a relatively small share of the overall market. As a result, these individual firms are unable to affect price by directly bringing about a change in its own supply because by assumption, each firm is small in size b. Due to the enormous competition faced by each firm, no single firm can increase the price that it charges above the price charged by the other firms in the market without losing business caused by a large substitution effect away from that firm 3. All firms produce identical goods, as in the case of Chicken Meat Industry where the product i.e. chicken is homogenous. The characteristics of chicken do not vary much from supplier to supplier as a result they are substitutes for each other. 4. Buyers are perfectly aware of the nature and quality of chicken being sold to them as well as being well informed about the price being charged by each seller. 5. All firms, present and future, are assumed to have equal access to all factors of production as well as any advancement in technology in the production process. 6. The chicken meat industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms in long run as a result the present the market will always be open to competition from new entrants. 7. â€Å"No externalities in production and consumption so that there is no divergence between private and social costs and benefits†. (tutor2u.net) Market Analysis Short Run We know that Economic Profit is the difference between the Total Revenue (TR) and Total Cost (TC) where TC consists of both explicit and implicit costs. As Opportunity costs are the next best alternative forgone, a chicken meat supplier can have can have a significant accounting profit with little to no economic profit. In the Short Run, economic profits for individual chicken meat suppliers depend on the position of their Average Total Cost curves. (investopedia.com) In the short run the equilibrium market price, P1 is determined by the interaction between market demand and supply. This price is taken by each of the firms as their selling price which in turn is constant for each unit sold. Therefore, the AR curve also becomes the Marginal Revenue curve (MR). We know, a firm maximizes profits when marginal revenue = marginal cost, therefore the profit-maximizing output for a given firm is Q1. The firm sells Q1 at price P1. Because the ruling market price is greater than the Average Total Cost (P>AC), the firm will make positive economic profit as indicated by the shaded area below.

The Behavioral Theory Of Psychology - 863 Words

Behavioral perspective is through reinforcement, which is the idea that patterns of emitted behavior can be selected by their consequences. In the early 1900’s, a group of individuals emerged as behaviorists who disagreed upon the idea that if psychology was to be a science, then it must focus on events, which are directly observable on behavior, rather than on mental life. This prompted a new era in exploration by promoting the behaviorists idea that psychology should be approached with the idea that the environment or events triggered the way an individual acts. Essentially, behavioral perspective emphasizes an observable behavior and how it goes â€Å" hand-in-hand† with environmental events that truly mold a person. That being said, in order mold individuals with this theory, people must introduce this concept to babies as that time in development is a key determining factor of how they will act as adults. One of the earlier supporters of behavorialism was John B. Watson, who prompted the behavioral approach into present day psychology. John B. Watson was born on January 9, 1878 in South Carolina. His mother, Emma, was devoutly religious and named him after a Baptist minister in the hope that he would join the clergy. Emma disavowed smoking, drinking, and other vices, but Watson grew into an adult who openly opposed religion John s father, with whom he was closer, did not follow the same rules of living as his mother. He drank, had extra-marital affairs, and left in 1891.Show MoreRelatedThe Behavioral Theory Of Psychology1614 Words   |  7 PagesBEHAVIOURAL APPROCH IN PSYCOHOLOGY. IDENTIFY HOW THE BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH WILL EXAMINE DEPRESSION AND HOW THIS VARIES FROM A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH The behavioural approach in psychology, how it examine depression and it varies from the biological approach. The behavioural approach in psychology is one of the major theories and it was largely developed to react to the non-scientific and mostly untestable perspectives being put forward by some psychologists. It was also to establish to determine aRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory Of Psychology Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesYosef Friedman Professor E Cohen History and System of Psychology (11280 LPSN 332) December 8, 2016 Final Cognitive Behavioral Theory: Cognitive Behavioral Theory can be divided into three parts, or â€Å"waves† of development. The first of the three is Behaviorism. In 1913 Watson launched the behavioral school of psychology, publishing an article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it. A few years later, in 1920 Watson and Rayner conditioned an orphan known as Little Albert to fear a white rat. In 1936Read MorePsychology : Cognitive Behavioral Theory840 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive-Behavioral Theory Presenting Concerns Catalina came to counseling seeking help in dealing with traumatic events from her past, which has led her to problems in her marriage, mistrust in others, and high levels of anxiety. She is having a difficult time letting go of the past. Catalina was physically abused by her aunt from the age for 10-14. The only male figure ever present in her life was her aunt’s son Roberto, who attempted to sexually abuse her when she was 14 years old. Although herRead MorePsychology: I Relate to the Humanistic and Behavioral Theories Most1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent modern perspectives of psychology. These modern perspectives are cognitive,psycoanalysis,humanistic.socio-cultural,behavioral and evolutionary. When thinking about a key event in regard to different personality theories, I felt that I could most relate that key event of my life to the humanistic and behavioral theory. I will mainly be emphazing on these two modern perspectives. Moreover, I will then evaluate the key c oncepts and the principles of these two theories, and briefly compare and contrastRead MoreE H Theory : Psychology Education Is Predominantly Given Based On Cognitive Behavioral Orientation1223 Words   |  5 PagesFor the first time, about ten years ago, I was introduced to Existential –Humanistic (E-H) psychology in my undergrad school in which psychology education is predominantly given based on cognitive behavioral orientation. However, many years after my graduation I read a book regarding E-H theory which was â€Å"The Courage to Create† by Rollo May. It was truly impressive and open minding book, since the way Rollo May addressed to issues was distinctive, holistic and rational. I simply grasped what RolloRead MoreBiological Psychology1169 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Psychology Kirstyn Mixa PSY/340 November 19, 2010 Brigitte Crowell Biological Psychology As a study, psychology has many branches within itself. Each thought of psychology throughout history has brought about another school of psychology. Psychology or philosophy enthusiasts and scholars alike have taken interests in not only understanding the themes of psychology but have contributed to the creation of another branch. So, of course, somewhere along the line was the dawning ofRead MoreThree Theoretical Perspectives Explaining Human Behavior893 Words   |  4 Pageshuman behavior and which is most valid There are three theoretical perspectives that account for human behavior, with varying degrees of efficacy. These include evolutionary psychology, behavioral genetics, and behavioral neuroscience. Each theoretical framework makes intellectual sense and can claim to explain human behavioral in a general sense. At the same time, they take vastly different attitudes toward the way in which the human brain operates, and the theoretical perspectives should not be viewedRead MoreThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Diverse Nature of Psychology Name Institution The Diverse Nature of Psychology Introduction Psychology consists of a wide collection of diverse concepts, which influence its precise nature that includes the study of behavior and mind in different organisms. Ideally, these organisms range from the most complex to the most primitive. In essence, diversity involves recognizing the variability of characteristics, which make people unique such as their physical appearance, partnered/maritalRead MoreThe Question in the Origins of Psychology is What Drives Us and Why722 Words   |  3 Pageswas considered as its own scientific discipline. Psychology began in 1879 when a man named Wilhelm Wundt set up a psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. This laboratory would be considered the birth place of experimental psychology. Within the laboratory, Wundt independently trained over 180 students. Over 100 of these students came from other countries, and then returned to their native countries with the knowledge of experimental psychology. Of the one-hundred, Edward Titchener returned toRead MoreAnalysis Of Dollard And Miller s Theory1079 Words   |  5 Pagespsychoanalytic and behavioral concepts. Dollard originally trained as an anthropologist and Miller as a psychologist. They published Social Learning and Imitation and Personality and Psychotherapy through which they introduced their theories regarding personality. Personality and Psychotherapy, in particular, had a significant influence on psychotherapy (RolnickRickles, 2010). Their attempt to integrate both psychoanalytic and behavioral concepts was groundbreaking. Introduction ToThe Theory The most

`` Everything Rises With Leadership But Falls As A Tragedy

Kem Urmat Prof. Weekes ENGL 140 11/26/2014 Troy Maxson â€Å"Everything rises with leadership but falls as a tragedy,† said Alexander the Great, before his Battle of the Hydaspes, where his army suffered many casualties and marked the end of his military campaign. In history, there have been many downfalls. A few examples, Marcus Brutus was responsible for the downfall of Julius Caesar. Fighting a two front war against England and Russian empires led to the downfall of Napoleon. Many historians call those events tragedies. The word â€Å"tragedy† originates from the Greek word â€Å"tragÃ… idia†, meaning â€Å"the goat song, which is not what society associates as a tragedy in current times. Today, tragedy is understood as a disastrous event, that involves an enormous loss of life (ex: terrorist attack, natural disaster, etc.), which gains widespread media attention for public perception and world understanding. As a literary term, tragedy in a fictional narrative, typically drama involves a sorrowful event, where a good individual, who through a character flaw and/or conflict with an overwhelming effect, experiences setbacks of fortune from success to adversity and becomes a tragic individual. Tragedy usually involves the death of one or more characters (including the tragic individual) caused by the actions of a tragic individual and/or the villain in the literary work of art. (Aristotle) August Wilson’s Fences is a complex bildungsroman tragedy full of conflicting desires, major conflictsShow MoreRelated Brutus Character Analysis in Shakespeares Tragedy of Julius Caesar964 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis: Brutus William Shakespeares play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, was mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The character who was the mastermind behind the assassination was, ironically, Marcus Brutus, a senator and close friend to Julius Caesar. But what would cause a person to kill a close friend? After I examined Brutus relationship towards Caesar, his involvement in the conspiracy and his importance to the plot it all became clear. Brutus had one particularRead More The Military Commander in Othello Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagestragic drama Othello is quite noble, although plagued by the shortcoming or weakness of gullibility. Let us in this essay look at all the features, both good and bad. of this ill-fated hero.    David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies describes many fine virtues which reside within the general:    Othello’s blackness, like that of the natives dwelling in heathen lands, could betoken to Elizabethan audiences an innocent proneness to accept Christianity, and Othello is oneRead MoreThe Fall Of The Great Library1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the Great Library The Beginning of the End The House of Wisdom thrived under the rule of Al Mamun. Along with it, Baghdad and the rest of the Muslim world experienced developments in different fields - from the arts to the sciences. There were more scholars than ever and exchange of ideas between the Middle East and other parts of the world flourished. However, when Al Mutawaki succeeded the throne in 847, things began to change. Known to be a strict follower of the Qur’an, literallyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 Pagesmanipulation, although the people who think this are dead wrong. People with the greatest amount of power get authority through ambition, responsibility, and motivation. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, it shows a story about a fictional tragedy in which a strong scottish general named Macbeth receives news from witches that he will one day become king. The new king of Scotland would be him one day. He created a large amount of confidence and ambition out o f this tale, that he comes to hisRead MoreEssay about Othello: the General1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdistracted to madness by Iago’s insinuations about his wife’s infidelity. The elegance and control, even the exaltation of his early speeches, give way to the crude degradation of his later remarks. (123) David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies describes many fine virtues which reside within the general: Othello’s blackness, like that of the natives dwelling in heathen lands, could betoken to Elizabethan audiences an innocent proneness to accept Christianity, and Othello is one whoRead MoreEssay on Power of Respect in Pericles Leadership of Athens1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthat his sharp tongue and outspoken personality have played a key role in his political career. Through up rises and down fall Pericles continued to lead Athens and never spoke negatively about his city. His nationalism proved the love he had towards his home and demonstrated to the Athenians his untainted means for governing. Many scholars and authors agree on how phenomenal Pericles’s leadership was, while textbooks even award him the title of â€Å"the guiding spirit of Athenian imperialism† (Pomeroy 164)Read MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1134 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play Othello, there is love, jealousy, death and of course, a tragic hero. A tragic hero is one who experiences an inner struggle due to some flaw within his/her character; that struggle results in the fall of a hero. According to Aristotle, â€Å"A tragic hero is a character who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice and depravity, but by some error or frailty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Aristotle, Poetics). Othello is an intricate play that dwells into the privateRead More Custom Written Term Papers: Othello Is a Tragedy of Fortune2657 Words   |  11 PagesOthello Is a Tragedy of Fortune  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello we find a tragedy of fortune, in which the Moor falls from a great height into dishonor and disgrace. Let us dwell upon this theme in this essay.    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the misfortunes in the play and the hero’s attitude:    But if a man is betrayed into destroying what he loves most, if he ruins himself through his ownRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof war, and this was the beginning of the Civil War. During the war, Lincoln attacked problems with a great deal of skill, and this helped him to extend his executive powers. But Lincoln also made some bad military decisions that cost the North to fall behind at first. This decisions cost the Union defeats at several battles. One of the famous defeats was the Battle of Bull Run. However, the Union victory at Antietam gave him a possession of strength from which he ordered the Emancipation ProclamationRead MoreThe Assassination That Changed the Nation1207 Words   |  5 Pagesoratory skills. Kennedy is said to have â€Å"brought to public life not only the hard assets of leadership, but the rarest capacity to illuminate ideas by the grace of his personality and the clarity of his speech† (Freeman, par 5). Justin ONeill i n his article, â€Å"The Day The President Was Shot,† continues the idea stated by Freeman, asserting that â€Å"many Americans saw Kennedy as a symbol of hope - and of everything the U.S. could accomplish† (par 8). The United States was, of course, much different during

1984 Dystopian Literature - 1924 Words

Control: power that regulates, represses, and rules the people; administering their freedoms, thoughts, and speech. Throughout the dystopian genre, control, or the illusion of it, is a recurring motif used throughout various forms of mediums. For this essay, I will closely examine the interconnected theme of control in dystopia, comparing different kinds of dystopian literature on how they present this idea. From George Orwell’s 1984’s struggle for characters to assert control in their lives, to Children of Men’s authoritarian rule. In worlds, painted as radical and frightening nightmares, control serves to maintain the order and the illusion of utopia. The backdrop of Children of Men, directed by Alfonso Cuaron, is based on the†¦show more content†¦Protect Britain. Report all illegal immigrants. Only Britain soldiers on.† Much like how in 1984, the Party dehumanizes people of their fundamental rights, to make them solely loyal to Big Brother, by using totalitarian tactics. By promoting the negative connotations of illegal immigrants and refugees, the director shows us why it feels justified for United Kingdom s government to cage refugees and treat them in Nazi-like prison camps, reminiscent of Abu Ghraib modern-day state of brutality. Comparatively, a similar situation of control presents itself in the dystopian novel, 1984, when the Party imposes their beliefs on the people. In detail, Big Brother and the Party not only control the opinion of the people through government propaganda, but also through controlling history, memories, and information. With that in mind, information becomes deliberately unreliable but f aithful to their doctrines. Nonetheless, most subjects are inherently willing to believe whatever the Party informs them. Hence, the Party can control their people in a totalitarian manner, so that the Party can make them think whatever they need them to believe. Living in a totalitarian state of rule like 1984, how can people assert control in their lives if they are under the watchful eye of the government? This issue is the case for our main protagonist, Winston Smith since every aspect of life and society is under the management of the Party and BigShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dystopian Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesmay peek interest. The dystopian genre is unique and offers readers both suspense and action with a balance between reality and fantasy. â€Å"Dystopian literature is a genre of fictional writing used to explore social and political structures in ‘a dark, nightmare world† (Questia par 1). In order to form this nightmare world, the author must send a message of warning to readers regarding the reality of their characters, often manipulating literary devices to do so. The dystopian atmosphere is composedRead More1984 Dystopian Setting Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages Setting Comparison In a dystopian society those in power will manipulate the setting to ensure a controlled atmosphere over its citizens. However, this falsified setting is either displayed as dirty and indigent or as a pristine and neat society with no inbetween characteristics. 1984 by George Orwell is recognized as a dystopian novel that takes place in a futuristic country called Oceania. This society is at non-stop war and experiences spontaneous bombings along with poor living conditionsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Vs. 1984970 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 vs. 1984 Ray Bradbury and George Orwell share a very similar theme in their two novels, Fahrenheit 451 and 1984. Winston Smith and Guy Montag work within an authoritarian organization, in which, they have opposing views of the authority. The novels are placed in a dystopian setting that the authority believes is a utopia. The dystopian fictions both have very similar predictions of the future. The predictions from these novels have not happened. However, it could be a short matterRead MoreLiterary Context Of Dystopian Literature1746 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Context Dystopian literature presents a chilling and depressing view of the future in which society itself is generally the antagonist of the story and seems to work against the protagonist’s aims and desires. Dystopian literature explores the many problems within our society and uses them to create a dark and nightmare world, in which squalor, poverty or oppression are present. It acts as a cautionary tale for readers and brings to light the many flaws in humanity, which makes it impossibleRead MoreOne Of The First Dystopian Novels To Become Famous Was1396 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the first dystopian novels to become famous was 1984. The concept of dystopian novels is not only to entertain readers, but to let them understand the characteristics and ideas of a dystopian society. Some of these characteristics are shown through our society but at a more drastic level. Basic fears are exaggerated such as the following: distrust of others, disease, contaminated water, nuclear holocaus t, etc. The reader can gain more knowledge by finding ways in which the topics the authorRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol s `` Harrison Bergeron ``1222 Words   |  5 Pageswere used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are many examples of a Dystopia is that contain a lot of comparisons between the stories. Dystopian literature whether it be novel, film, or short story focuses onRead MoreGeorge Orwell And The Movie Divergent1189 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom. Literature that depicts dystopias, tend to follow a common archetype. Though similar in its foundation, dystopian literature can take on vastly different forms. This is observable in the novel 1984 by George O rwell, and the movie Divergent by Veronica Roth. The novel and the movie compare as well as differ regarding the aspects of their dystopian characteristics, controls, protagonists and figurative elements. Additionally, they both provide insight into our world today. The novel 1984 andRead More1984 Doublethink Analysis1497 Words   |  6 Pages1984 Connection: In 1984, George Orwell illustrates a dystopian society in which he emphasizes the influential contribution of language to the psychological manipulation the Party imposes. Specifically, through the concept of Doublethink, Orwell highlights the ironic names of the Partys ministries as means to euphemize what they actually are. From the very beginning of the novel, it is revealed how the Party characterizes the faà §ade that The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with newsRead MoreThe Importance Of Dystopian Literature1247 Words   |  5 PagesIndeed, the best works of literature are those which are of relevance to our lives today. Through their relevance, these novels continue to persist and endure on. Through their relevance, we can better comprehend the messages, the themes, and the ideas that are imbued in them. Rather than literature being contradictory and in conflict with the truth and unpleasant reality of daily life, it becomes a weapon through which we can be educate d about the existential crises facing our world today. In factRead MoreThe Hunger Games And 1984 Use1083 Words   |  5 PagesHow do the writers of the Hunger Games and 1984 use their first chapter to introduce ideas of a dystopian society? A majority of us squander our time fantasizing about a faultless society, a place where sorrow has not meaning but is replaced with harmony, compassion, and riches. Essentially, we want a place where dreams come true. On the contrary, how often do we reflect on the worst? A place where sorrow is the only meaning and harmony, compassion and riches have no existence. Susceptibility, combat

Client Engagement Strategies and Procedure

Question: Discuss about the Client Engagement Strategies and Procedure. Answer: Relevant legislation, codes of conduct and regulatory guides Three regulatory guides as relevant to the procedure There are three important regulatory guides in response to current procedures. This includes: 1. Best interests duty- It is an advice provider in acting for best interests of client as provided by each client. 2. Safe harbor in complying with best interests of duty- From the Section 96 1B (2), it suggests safe harbor in advising providers for relying ways in compiling with best interests of clients[1]. 3. Prioritizing interests of clients- At the time of providing clients with appropriate advice, it is necessary in placing best interests of the clients in selection of related parries as far as possible. Development of relevant procedures The document procedures have to be identified as per the financial planning needs of the organization . In this regard , it can be said it is necessary that the relevant procedures have to be met as per the guidelines established pre-determined at the outset. Financial transparency is one of the essential attributes that have to be achieved on a regular basis . The documenting procedures start at when the organization is established. Therefore, it is necessary that the procedures adhere to the guidelines relating to the formation of a business entity. Thus detailed information is to be provided to the concerned authority relating to the names of the partners, and the nature of the product or service line the company is operating. Risk management procedures The risk management procedures have to compliant as per the legislation and t he regulations as per the guidelines for recording of financial transactions and the planning of finance in the statement of accounts. However, the risk management procedures have to be modified as per the nature of the product and the service line the organization is operating . In this regard , it can be said that the risk management procedures have to be classified per the scale of operations the firm . The risk management procedures primarily deals in the reducing financial risk of the business enterprise In addition, it relates to reducing the wastage of both financial and non-financial resources of the firm . In Australia, the legislations and the regulations have been strictly established to create fair and transparent policies in the context of financial planning[2]. Thus, both business organizations and individuals have been beneficiary of the effective financial policies established for the firm. Establishing suitable resources The appropriate resources that has been required in adhering to the financial and the non-financial resources . The legislative and the e regulations have to be strictly followed in establishing effective financial policies for the business entity[3]. As such , it is necessary that the operational policies of the business entity have to be framed in order to develop the inherent financial strength of the business entity as well as meeting the short-term needs of the organization . As such, it can be said that the financial planning shall be done in order to ensure smoother business operations. Thus, allocating of suitable resources for the firm becomes essential so that every department like finance , Human resources and marketing have the appropriate financial resources to execute daily business functionalities in an appropriate manner. To reduce the operational expenses of the business enterprise , it is necessary that the financial planning has to be done in an effective manner. The legislations, regulations and codes of practice that are relevant to the professional financial planning practice include few standards. These are establishment and defining the relationship of the professional financial planner with the client, collecting various data and information regarding the client. It also includes the analysis and evaluation of the financial status of the client, development and presentation of the financial planning recommendation. Additionally, this includes the implementation of the financial planning recommendations and monitoring them. As per the FOFA reforms, the Code of Professional Practice is the essential element of the Professional Framework which promotes high professional standards and also the consumer protection. The financial planning association of Australia intends to help the members of FPA in understanding the code and the association also guides its members whenever serious situations take place due to breaching of code[4]. The FPA practitioner members are guided by the FPA Code of Professional Practice that brings a comprehensive set of ethical principles together and also brings the conduct rules and practice standards together. The code is composed of three components, these are the Principles of Conduct, the Standards of Conduct and the Financial Planning Practice Standards. The Principles of Conduct serves in order to describe the particular qualities that are generally aspires by the professional members in the practicing of their professions. The Standards of Conduct are set out regarding the methods by which the professional members should guide their conduct in the process of practicing their profession. It also helps in the adherence of the Principles of Conduct and to apply and implement them in the Financial Planning Practice Standards. These financial standards are generally set out in the procedure as per which the professional members usually practice their profession. Therefore, it can be said that for the professional financial planning practice, all these three components of the Code are interdependent on each other and it has also been found that none of the components take precedence over other in the interpretation of the Code. The Principles and Standards of Conduct are regulated as per the Financial Services Board (FSB) model[5]. The FPI needs professional members in order to get attached with the 8 principles. These include client first, integrity, objectivity, fairness, professionalism, competence, confidentiality and diligence. The standards of conduct are composed of ten elements of the Code. These include the relationships with the prospects and clients, promotion of the services, remuneration, disclosures, professional conduct, duty to the employers, fiduciary responsibilities, conflict of the interest, continuous professional development and responsibilities to the FPI. Identify one current code of conduct/code of practice which relates to this compliance procedure and the date it was last revised It is mandatory in understanding the fact relating providing safe advice to the clients at the time of making financial planning. ASIC monitoring of the provision of advice includes reviewing the provision at the same time. It reveals determining of objectives for promotion of ASIC guidance. It especially relies on vital information like: Monitoring certain investor complaints It requires further consultation in accordance with industry as well as retail investor representatives It requires further consumer research as well as projects in and from industry or retail investor representatives at the sa Identify at least one legislative act introduced after November 2008 that is relevant to the provision of financial advic The Corporations Amendment (Further Future of Financial Advice Measures) Act 2012 has stated the structured guideline relating to the buying and the selling of financial products in the Australian market. After November 2008, legislative act was introduced in way of influencing certain circumstances for future analysis purpose. It is a recommendation or a statement of opinion in case for satisfying attributes in constitutes of financial product advice in an overall manner[7]. Under the Corporations Act, it includes all financial products in gaining personal advice at the same time. The conduct as well as disclosure obligations reveal the fact relating providing entities in the most appropriate way. It aims at providing entities in AFS licenses or authorized representatives in an effective way. On critical analysis, it is noticed that licensee provides financial product advice in and through employee for future analysis purpose Identify any changes that should be made to the procedure as a result of any new legislation or updated codes of conduct or regulatory guide There is relevant change in procedures for gaining personal advice for potential client base. Advice should be given on face-to-face meeting with the help of telephone, writing as well as other electronic means. It requires in understanding the illustration between personal advice as well as general advice[8]. Corporations Act mainly requires in providing entities in using exact wordings as far as possible. In the case of minors, the guardians would be held accountable to the buying and the selling of financial products made on the persons behalf. In addition, any profits shall only benefit the person after completing the age of eighteen. The new changes made would promote transparency at all levels in the buying and the selling of shares, bonds debentures and other financial products. Thus, the Corporations Amendment Act 2012 shall empower regulatory bodies to oversee all trading of the financial products, to prevent any financial discrepancy. In the case of a client, who does not agree with the advice of the financial adviser, the person can adhere to the amended recommendation of the client. In addition, the deal can be financed due to the separate instructions from the clients. In this context, it can be said that when there is no alterations in the recommendations, a very little amount is there to be invested. In this case, the disclosures of the commissions shall not change in a very little amount. Under the sections Authority to proceed, it is essential that the reasons for the changes have been clearly stated. As such, it is necessary that when the commissions vary, the in-depth details of such financial transactions have to be stated to the client. The following procedures shall be adopted when the amended recommendations vary significantly from those of the clien A new analysis and SoA would be required to be prepared which shall consist of the amended data that is provided to the client. Thus all, the intrinsic details shall be expressly stated without hiding any facts 1. If the alterations have been made due to the preferences of the client, it is necessary that ascertain the reasons behind such changes and its implications on the investments made. 2. The client proceeds as per the chosen investments, the person shall have to sign a No Advice statement. This shall consist of the necessary facts that the investment deal has been executed as per the direction of the client. Besides this, the necessary warnings shall have to be stated , in order to give legal protection to the adviser in the case of any losses incurred by the clien 3. If the client does not agree in signing the No advice form that consists of the reasons in not adhering to such variations, the financial adviser shall not be legally permitted to execute the investment deal for the client. 4. It aims at providing entities in meeting obligations in conveying substances in client progression in the most appropriate way. The changes that should be made to the procedure as a result of the new legislation or the updated codes of conduct or the regulatory guides (up to February, 2014) include firstly, the use of the title Financial Planner that should be protected in the regulation or law, secondly, the financial planners should be kept to a fiduciary standard of care as per the regulation and law. Thirdly, the use of the related titles should be cover up under the regulation and law. Fourthly, the lapse of the financial planner should be considered by a professional financial planning body. Identify any risks to the business if advisers follow the current procedure. There are certain risk involves while making the business planning for the client base. It includes business risk whether ascertainment towards loss incurred by the client in the near future. It is of good practice of providing entities in developing own wording for making general advice for warnings for potential clients. It incorporates warning messages into substances in providing general advice at the end of document. It considers ways for special communication needs of client base as far as possible[9]. Business product advertisements aim at identifying issuer for product as well as refer potential buyer in case of PDS or disclosure document in an overall manner. This particular document applies towards advertisement in intended offers as contain in s989A warning as far as possible. Corporations Act provides restriction of words in and by using of business products. AFS licensees as well as representatives provide personal advice to major retail clients. They take ongoing fee ar rangement for potential client base in the best possible ways. The following are the risks that the business entity can face if the organization follows the existing procedure . Financial risk - The financial risk is one of the primary attributes in operating in an intensively competitive market environment. There are certain financial risks in executing the daily operational policies of the business entity as per the pre-determined objectives of the business entity without assessing the actual business realities in the domestic market. The market risks have been a major threat to the business sustainability of an entity .The business planning guideline established at the outset shall assist the business entity in having a strong business position and retaining a large fund for enhancing the existing operational strategies for the business entity[10]. Legal Action This is another risk that financial institutions have to face when conducting daily transactions , in the context of any financial discrepancy. It is necessary that the financial institutions adhere to the specific legal guidelines when executing financial market transactions in the Australian domestic market. As such, this would bring a level of transparency and credibility to the market transactions in the organization. Non- financial constituents - The operational risk mainly relates to wastage of the non-financial resources of the entity. This also considers the factors that can hamper the daily business functionalities of the entity . These include, the shortage of manpower and the lack of adequate technology as well failure in accurate assessment of the existing market conditions. Consumer issues - It is necessary that consumer issues are adequately dealt with to prevent any negative perception on the part of the buyers. It is the primary responsibility of the ASIC to ensure that the operational processes of the entity shall be consistent with the pre-determined measures established at the beginning of the year. Reference Albrecht W, Stice E and Stice J,Financial Accounting(Thomson/South-Western 2011) Baltazar E,International GAAP 2012(John Wiley Sons 2012) Charupat N, Huang H and Milevsky M, Strategic Financial Planning Over The Lifecycle (Cambridge University Press 2012) Davies C, Winning Client Trust (Ecademy Press 2011) Estate Planning, 2012 (Keir Educational Resources 2012) Ferran E, and Look Chan H,Principles of corporate finance law (Oxford University Press 2014) Insurance Planning 2012 (Keir Educational Resources 2012) Investment Planning 2012 (Keir Educational Resources 2012) Newton R, The Management Consultant (Financial Times/Prentice Hall 2010) Whittington R and Delaney P, Outlines And Study Guides (Wiley 2011)

Primary Care Paramedic Ethics an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Primary Care Paramedic Ethics The issue on the ethics on life in medical terms is a long topic to debate on, for one, it conflicts with morality, religion and the law. Morality and religion speak the same language on the issue of life, while the medical side tries to separate morality from the law. It is hard to separate the two considering there are things that have to be aptly considered (Brock 124). How does ethics come into play in the decision making of the paramedic practitioner in the out-of-the hospital environment? Morals relate to the standards of the society, while the standards of ethics relate to the standards of the individual. Need essay sample on "Primary Care Paramedic Ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Ethics, according to Haskeu (22) "involves the construction of a personal code, it also implies a measure of self examination and reflection of one's practice". That is why if there should be issues or questions that need to be answered, it must be answered on the basis of reason. There are three questions of ethical tests in health care, the first one is, What is it in the patient's best interest? Second, what does the patient want? Third, what role does good faith play in making an ethical decision? This aims to provide patient benefit, avoiding harm and respecting the patient's autonomy. But the ultimate question for ethics is what makes human life valuable? In particular, why is it more valuable than any other form? How can we determine value? There is no doubt in the essence or significance of the human being. Given the dilemma between a dog and man, we choose to save man because we think it is the right thing to do. I agree with Harris, who wrote "The value of life" when he said that there is no prejudice in the preference for human life, it is just that we know that it is the right thing to do. But in the case of the choosing between two human beings, this is quite hard to decide upon, the predicament involved here are two supreme beings that is either bound to die or to live. Harris points out also, that abortion (to some countries may be legal) may be tolerable given that the mother would be free of harm and the fetus might be considered as less of the human adult. What is pointed out is that, adults in our society will be of value (in the wider sense of productivity) than the fetus that's why it is rational to choose the adult rather than the fetus. What makes the human life valuable are the features that "both incline us and entitle us to value ourselves and one another and which license our belief that we are more valuable (and not just to ourselves) than humans, fish or plants" (Haskeu 8) . We are looking for the basis of the belief that it is right to save the life of the person rather than a dog which both cannot be saved for instance and in which this isn't a form of unfair dislike or preference but is capable of a justification for the belief. The features possessed by human beings will not catalogue the difference between the human and other creatures, rather it will be pointed out of the features of their moral relevance, which only supports the belief of our preference of ourselves and the belief that it is right to treat people as the equivalent of the other and most specially the supreme being. But it is widely accepted for any medical person to do no harm. "In order for someone to follow even this apparently unexceptional directive, it is important to have a lively sense of the ways in which his or her conduct may affect others. Although in many circumstances the scope of our individual or collective impact on the world is entirely unproblematic, there is an important dimension of conduct where this is not so. The problem is precisely whether or not we have two equally effective ways of determining the state of any world in which we are able to intervene. One is to intervene and to change the state of the world, the other is to refrain from intervention and leave everything as it is". This is what I am pointing out that it is really hard to debate on the ethical stand of medical people regarding for example killing, letting people die and acts and omissions. The difference between positive and negative ways of influencing the society can be seen in many ways and in each case, the obvious thrust of the distinction and the definition of the terms might be slightly different. We can sometimes choose to make things happen and sometimes we tolerate to let them occur. A simple "omission to act may bear a different construction than an empathic neglect of an action. To make things complicated it is always possible to re-formulate any action description or any omission description so that each becomes the other. On the negative side, Harris (8) cites an example that suppose a person can save your life by telling a lie, for example saving you from a capital crime, then saving your life is something that person has done and for which he must take responsibility. On the other hand, if that person told the truth and as a result became the cause of your death, that person is still similarly responsible. But if that person knew his silence can save you and knowing this he keeps quiet, then "those who deny the existence of negative responsibility must believe that I have not in these circumstances saved you at all" (Haskeu 72). Then conversely, if that person could save your life by speaking but still chooses to remain silent, he cannot be held morally responsible for your death. Those who deny negative responsibility would have to recommend lying to those who wish to save others in such circumstances; and needlessly, since keeping silent and telling a lie are both equally effective ways of saving lives. Harris (9) used the term person in lieu of human being in his book "The value of life". He sees the importance of having a word or a term for beings "which is not simply anthropocentric or species-specific" Person for him, would stand for any being who has what it takes to be of value in the sense described and to refer to as species neutral. On the contrary, another author conversely debates on the exact opposite of what Harris is saying. Brock (123), says that "on the aspect of taking lives, it is by now familiar to distinguish moral theories according to whether their basic principles are formulated in term s of rights, goals and duties. He takes the fundamental principle of morality to be "impermissible not to respect every human being, one's self or any other, as a rational creature". Brock (124) stretches the importance of the necessity of looking at issues more broadly and also to the areas of research that often explicitly address the quality of life but nevertheless has an important bearing on it. There are two main areas of work in the medical ethics. The first is the ethical framework for medical treatment decision making in the clinical context. The second is the development of valuation measures of outcomes of health care treatments and programs. But what do we consider in saving a man's life? Does he need to be good guy? The smart and talented guy? The famous? The weak? The old? In the case of the two patients in a remote highway, I think that the person to be saved is the 17 year old delinquent. One because he is young and that he has a lot to do in this world after the incident, Two because there is the chance of his character transformation or a chance for change in a narrower sense and Third, there a lot of lessons that he needs to learn. After the incident, the chances might be crucial for change but at least, he has been given the chance to live his life. There are still a lot to be traveled by and like what I have pointed out earlier lessons that should be considered. While the 92-year old retired police officer also deserves the right to live, we must remember that it is important also to know whether the patient wants to be resuscitated. The police officer has done a lot of great things for his country but he is old and therefore weak. I am confidently claiming that with him is a hero's heart (based on the given information). He has done several advocacies, thatis why it may be open to scrutiny also if he does accept resuscitation. Surely, he has completed his life, his dreams and goals in life have been achieved and he feels satisifed over what he has attained. Moreover, my decision is influenced by Harris' (124) idea of the basis of value. We value something based on the features of the being/person and what it can offer to society. The dilemma between the juvenile and the old man is like the dilemma on choosing between a dog and the man. Apparently, the old man has a lot more importance to society than the dog, thus, it is necessary to chose the old man rather than the dog. The existence of the juvenile after the accident (may or may not) result positively but his existence may be given a chance for change and to direct his life into more possibilities. Therefore, by choosing to revive him, we not only give him the chance of having another life ahead of him, but also looking at the possibility of him sharing and touching other's lives, by probably sharing what he could share to either co-delinquent or his experiences may serve as a lesson and an inspiration to all. Unlike the old man, we all know that his life might anytime come into an end most specially after the incident, just in case he was revived, we are uncertain of the result since he may be weak. His life then might be useless (objectively speaking) and might not be of help to other people though he has a good heart and we might be certain of his character after. The lesson that we should all remember here is not the issue on the value of a person as we are all equally given the chance to live. Rather, on the issue that we cannot debate on the ethics on morality, the ethics on medical treatment, religion and the law, all these aspects are all correct in different perspectiv es, it is all up to us on how to react and which aspect to espouse to. It is just a matter of respect for opinions and which concern to adhere to. References Brock, Dan W. (2005) Life and Death. Cambridge University Press, p. 123-124 Harris, John (2007) The value of Life: an introduction to medical ethics, p. 8-9 Haskeu, Guy H. (1975) Paramedic Pearls of Wisdom, p. 8,22-23,72